Compaq Compaq TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS Wartungshandbuch Seite 1

HP TCP/IP Services forOpenVMSTuningandTroubleshootingOrder Number: AA–RN1VB–TESeptember 2003This manual provides information about how to isolate the

ReturnIn examples, a key name enclosed in a box indicates thatyou press a key on the keyboard. (In text, a key name is notenclosed in a box.)In the HT

sysconfig3.TCPIP> sysconfig -s netnet: loaded and configuredThis example shows how to query the state of a particular subsystem.A–38 Troubleshooting

sysconfigdbsysconfigdbManages the subsystem configuration database.Formatsysconfigdb {-a | -u} [-t target]-ffile subsystem-namesysconfigdb {-m | -r} [-t tar

sysconfigdb-lLists the specified subsystem entries in the target file. If you do not specifya subsystem name, all subsystem entries in the target file are

sysconfigdb4.TCPIP> sysconfigdb -d table_mgr_1This command deletes thetable_mgr_1entry from the SYSCONFIGTAB.DATfile and updates the in-memory copy o

tcpdumptcpdumpProvides dump analysis and packet capturing.Formattcpdump ["-B" |d|e|f|l|m|n|"-N" | "-O" |q|s|"-S&quo

tcpdump-lBuffers thestdoutline. This is useful if you want to see the data while capturingit.-mEnables multiline output from some protocols. This affe

tcpdump-vDisplays verbose output. For example, the time to live and type of serviceinformation in an IP packet is displayed. If-mis also specified, ONC

tcpdump7.$ tcpdump tcp[13] & 3 != 0 and not src and dst net localnetThis example shows how to use thetcpdumputility to display the startand end pa

TCPTRACETCPTRACETraces packets between two hosts.FormatTCPTRACE host [/BUFFERS=n | /FULL | /OUTPUT=file | /PACKETS=n | /PORT=option |/PROTOCOL=option]D

TCPTRACEExamplesThe following examples show how to use the TCPTRACE command.1.$ TCPTRACE HOST1 /FULL /PORT=(REMOTE=21)This example shows how to use th

1Troubleshooting Techniques and ToolsThis chapter provides information that helps you identify symptoms, isolateproblems, and take steps to resolve yo

traceroutetracerouteDisplays the route that packets take to the network host.Formattraceroute [-m max_ttl] [-n] [-p port] [-q nqueries] [-r] [-s src_a

traceroute-aIf the destination host has multiple addresses,tracerouteprobes all addresses ifthis option is set. Normally, only the first address as ret

traceroute-p portSets the base UDP port number used in probes. (The default value is 33434.) Thetraceroutecommand presumes that nothing is listening o

tracerouteExamplesThe following examples show how to use thetraceroutecommand.1.localhost> traceroute nis.nsf.nettraceroute to nis.nsf.net (35.1.1.

IndexAANALYZE command, 1–31arpcommand, 1–2, 1–6, A–2Attributes, 2–1configuring, 2–4displaying, 2–1displaying values, 2–3modifying values, 2–4reconfiguri

Increasingcontext timeout rate, 2–13maximum number of BG devices, 2–16inetsubsystem, 2–9, 2–18attributes, 2–9inifaddr_hsizeattribute, 2–9, 2–10Interne

SHOW SERVICE command, 1–27sobacklog_dropsattribute, 2–15sobacklog_hiwatattribute, 2–15Socketdisplaying statistics, 2–15Socket bufferincreasing maximum

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems• Does the problem affect a single user? Multiple users? Your LAN?The following steps can he

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsTable 1–1 (Cont.) Diagnostic ToolsDiagnostic Tool FunctionTCPTRACETraces packets going in an

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems• A definition forlocalhostis missing from the local database.If thepingcommand forlocalhostd

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsThis command helps you decide whether further testing is required and where.For example, if

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsYou can also obtain information using the following commands:TCPIP> SHOW INTERFACEPackets

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems1.2.4 Examining Network StatisticsUse thenetstatutility or the SHOW INTERFACE command to che

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems37 mbufs allocated to OpenVMS VCI context block1 mbufs allocated to OpenVMS ACP IPCACHE Stru

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems1.2.5.1 Using TCPTRACEThe trace utility (TCPTRACE) is a tool you can use to trace packets go

© Copyright 2003 Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P.UNIX® is a trademark of The Open Group.The information contained herein is subject to change

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsTable 1–3tcpdumpKeywordsKeyword Definitiontype Defines the object to which the ID name or numb

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsTable 1–3 (Cont.)tcpdumpKeywordsKeyword Definitionproto Restricts the match to a particular p

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems1.2.5.2.3 Primitive Keywords Primitive keywords include:•gateway•broadcast•less•greater• Ari

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsThis expression is equivalent to the following:ether host ehost and not host hostYou can use

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problemstcp•ether broadcastTrue if the packet is an Ethernet broadcast packet. Theetherkeyword isopt

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsrarptcpudpicmpThe proto variable indicates the protocol layer for the index operation.• The

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems1.2.5.3 Analyzing OutputThe output of thetcpdumputility is protocol dependent. The following

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems• windowThe number of bytes of receive buffer space available from the other directionon thi

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems• The seventh line indicates that host csam has received data sent by host rtsgup to but not

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsIn the first example, host helios responds to query ID 3 from host h2opolo with 3answer recor

ContentsPreface ... vii1 Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.1 Using Symptoms to Identify a

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsThe UDP or TCP protocol information is not displayed. This is generally notimportant for UDP

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsFor property list calls, you can request the mask value and the number ofproperty list entri

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems1.2.5.4 RestrictionsThe following restrictions apply to usingtcpdumpon OpenVMS:• Copy-all mo

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsSpecify the name of the log file for storing the tracing information. Forexample:$ DEFINE TCP

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsState: EnabledTransport:Domain:Retry:Timeout:Servers:Path:Make sure the remote servers are r

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems$ SHOW SYSTEM /NETWORKOpenVMS V7.1-1H2 on node RUFUS 27-JUN-2000 16:45:46.84 Uptime 16 01:55

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsThe following example shows typical output from these two commands:$ TCPIP SHOW ROUTE /PERMA

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems1.2.10 Determine Whether Network Services Are AvailableThe auxiliary server functions like t

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems& This column lists whether the service is enabled or disabled. The termenabled indicate

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating Problems" This section displays the socket options that the service uses. The service’ssocket o

1.3 Using Online Help ... 1–301.4 Using OpenVMS ANALYZE Extensions ... 1–312 Tuning Te

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.2 Isolating ProblemsUsername: TCPIP$SNMP Owner: TCPIP$SNMPAccount: TCPIP UIC: [3655,13] ([TCPIP$AUX,TCPIP$SNMP])

Troubleshooting Techniques and Tools1.3 Using Online HelpFor information about TCP/IP user commands, enter the HELP command at theDCL prompt. For exam

2Tuning TechniquesThis chapter describes how to change system operation to solve specificnetworking problems. Once you have diagnosed the cause of the

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes$ TCPIPTCPIP> sysconfig -scm: loaded and configuredinet: loaded and configurediptunnel: loaded and configu

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.1.2 Displaying the Attribute Values for a SubsystemEach subsystem contains a set of attributes with assoc

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.2 Modifying Subsystem Attribute ValuesYou can modify the values of subsystem attributes either temporaril

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem AttributesTo modify subsystem attributes in the SYSCONFIGTAB.DAT file, follow thesesteps:1. Use thesysconfigdbutility to

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes$To add the contents of this stanza file to the system configuration table, enter thefollowing commands:$ TCPIP

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.4 Modifying Kernel SubsystemsMost resources used by the network subsystem are allocated and adjusteddynam

tcpdump . . . ... A–42TCPTRACE ... A–46traceroute . . ...

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.5 Modifying Socket Subsystem AttributesThesocketsubsystem attributes control the maximum number of pendin

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.5.3 Increasing the Maximum Size of a Socket BufferThesocketsubsystem attributesb_maxspecifies the maximum

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem AttributesWhen to TuneIncrease the number of hash buckets in the kernel TCP connection table if youhave an Internet ser

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem AttributesRecommended ValuesThe default value of theinetsubsystem attributeinifaddr_hsizeis 32; themaximum value is 512

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem AttributesWhen to TuneNot every connection needs a long retransmission time. Usually, the defaultvalue is adequate. How

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem AttributesTable 2–4 (Cont.) TCP Keepalive OptionsOption Descriptiontcp_keepintvlSpecifies the amount of time, in seconds

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.6.9 Modifying the Range of Outgoing Connection PortsWhen a TCP or UDP application creates an outgoing con

Tuning Techniques2.1 Subsystem Attributes2.1.7 Displaying Socket StatisticsThesocketsubsystem has three attributes that monitor socket listen queueeve

Tuning Techniques2.2 Tuning Server ApplicationsThere are no limitations on a server’s ability to handle millions of TCPconnections if memory resources

Tuning Techniques2.2 Tuning Server ApplicationsTable 2–5 (Cont.)netSubsystem AttributesAttribute Descriptionovms_unit_createsInformation attribute tha

Tuning Techniques2.3 Solving Performance Problems• Apply any patches recommended for your operating system.See the Recommended Patch Table for informa

Tuning Techniques2.3 Solving Performance ProblemsRestart TCP/IP Services after you enable jumbo frames dynamically.To verify that TCP/IP Services now

ATroubleshooting Utilities ReferenceThis appendix provides more information about the troubleshooting utilitiesdescribed in this manual. It also descr

arparpDisplays and controls Address Resolution Protocol (ARP) tables.Formatarp [-u] [-n] hostnamearp -a [-u] [-n] [-i] hostnamearp -d hostnamearp -g h

arpOption Descriptionhostname Specifies the remote host identified by the entry.hardware_addr Specifies the hardware address of the remote host. Theaddre

arpExamplesThe following examples show how to use thearpcommand.1.TCPIP> arp -aa71kt.lkg.dec.com (10.10.2.1) at aa-00-04-00-71-f8 stalev71kt.lkg.de

digdigSends domain name query packets to name servers.Formatdig [@server] domain [query-type][query-class][+query-option][-dig-option][%comment]Descri

digQueryTypeQueryClass DescriptioninC_IN Internet class domainanyC_ANY All class informationSee RFC 1035 for a complete list of query classes.You can

digTable A–1 (Cont.) dig OptionsOption Description"-P"After query returns, executes apingcommand tocompare response times. This option issue

PrefaceThe HP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMS product is the HP implementation of theTCP/IP networking protocol suite and internet services for HP OpenVMS

digKeyword Abbreviation Default Description[no]stats st stDisplay query statistics.[no]Header H HDisplay basic header.[no]header he heDisplay header fl

dig;; ADDITIONAL SECTION:E.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 2d20h1m11s IN A 192.203.230.10D.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 2d20h1m11s IN A 128.8.10.90A.ROOT-SERVERS.NET. 2d20h1m1

dig;; Total query time: 4019 msec;; FROM: lassie.ucx.lkg.dec.com to SERVER: default -- 16.20.208.53;; WHEN: Wed Aug 9 16:55:42 2000;; MSG SIZE sent: 3

ifconfigifconfigAssigns an address to a network interface, and configures and displays networkinterface parameters.Formatifconfig interface_id [address_fa

ifconfigFlags-aDisplays information about all interfaces that are configured on a system.-dDisplays information about interfaces that are down.-lDisplay

ifconfig-arpDisables the use of the ARP. Use of this parameter is not recommended.broadcast broad_addressSpecifies the address to use to represent broad

ifconfigThemaskvariable includes both the network part of the local address and thesubnet part, which is taken from the host field of the address. The m

ifconfig8.TCPIP> ifconfig we0 down delete abort145.92.16.1: aborting 7 tcp connection(s)This example shows how to stop Ethernet interface we0, delet

ndcndcManages the BIND server.Formatndc directive [directive ... ]DescriptionThis command allows the name server administrator to send various message

ndcExamplesThe following examples show how to use thendccommand.1.$ ndc statusBIND Server process information:Process ID: 44C0021CProcess name: TCPIP$

Related DocumentsTable 1 lists the documents available with this version of TCP/IP Services.Table 1 TCP/IP Services DocumentationManual ContentsCompaq

netstatnetstatDisplays network-related data in various formats.Formatnetstat [-rn] | [-an] [-f address_family][interval]netstat [-abd"H"im&q

netstat• Timers (optional with-t)Routing table displayA route consists of a destination host or network and a gateway to use whenforwarding packets. D

netstat-f address_familyLimits reports to the specified address family. The address families that can bespecified might include the following:inet Speci

netstat-vDisplays detailed output when specified with the-rflag. In this case, routemetric values are displayed.-zSets the network interface counters to

nslookupnslookupQueries Internet name servers interactively.Formatnslookup [-option ...] [host_to_find |-[server]]DescriptionThenslookupcommand is a pr

nslookupTo look up a host not in the current domain, append a dot (.) to the end of thedomain name.server domainlserver domainChanges the default serv

nslookupset keyword [=value]Use the command to change state information that affects the lookups. Table A–2lists the valid keywords.Table A–2 Options

nslookupTable A–2 (Cont.) Options to thenslookup setCommandKeyword Function[no]debugTurns on debugging (default isnodebug).nslookupdisplaysdetailed in

nslookupTable A–2 (Cont.) Options to thenslookup setCommandKeyword Functionsrchlist=namesChanges the default domain name to the first name you specify,

pingpingSend ICMP ECHO_REQUEST packets to network hosts.Formatping [-dfnqruvR] -c count [-i wait] [-l preload] [-p pattern] [-s packetsize] hostDescri

Table 1 (Cont.) TCP/IP Services DocumentationManual ContentsHP TCP/IP Services for OpenVMSTuning and TroubleshootingThis manual provides information a

pingDifferent data patternsThe network layer should never treat packets differently depending on the datacontained in the data portion. Unfortunately,

ping-dSets theSO_DEBUGoption on the socket being used.-fFloodsping. Outputs packets as fast as they come back or 100 times per second,whichever is mor

pingkernel options are off and this flag is used, the time is displayed to three decimalplaces, but in milliseconds.-vSpecifies detailed output. ICMP pa

routerouteManually manipulates the routing tables.Formatroute [-nqvC] add [-net | -host] [family] destination[/bitmask] gateway [-link] [modifiers [arg

routeTherouteutility uses a routing socket and the new message types RTM_ADD,RTM_DELETE, and RTM_CHANGE. As such, only a privileged user can modifythe

route-lockLocks the metric specified by the next modifier specified on the command line. Alocked metric is not modified by the kernel. The following metri

route-sendpipe bandwidthSets this route’s outbound delay bandwidth product (in bytes) to the valuespecified by bandwidth.-ssthresh thresholdSets this r

sysconfigsysconfigMaintains the subsystem configuration.Formatsysconfig -c | -d | -m | -q | "-Q" | -r | -s | -u [subsystem-name][attribute-list]

sysconfigThis state applies only to static subsystems, which can be unconfigured butcannot be unloaded.• Unloaded (not available for use)This state appl

sysconfig-mQueries the mode for the specified subsystems. A subsystem’s mode can be staticor dynamic. If you omit the subsystem name,sysconfigdisplays t